HOW SINGAPORE HAS DEALT WITH WATER CONSTRAINT & THIER METHODS ON INCREASING THIER WATER SUPPLY

Singapore has overcome water shortages even though they lack of natural water resources and the pollution in their rivers.They have done so by doing research and technology and have come up with different ways of building a sustainable water suppy through the Four National Taps .Those Four sources are Local Catchment Areas,Imported Water,NEWater(Reclaimed Water) and lastly, Desalinated Water.By improving the system and efficiency of each of those 4 national taps,Singapore has ensured a sustainable and stable water supply for their country and has prevented water constraint.

1)Local Catchment Area                         

One of Singapore`s first water sources are from Local Catchment Areas.Singapore collects rainwater or used water from it.Theses local catchment areas are actually drains,canals,reservoirs,rivers and ponds found all over Singapore and collect the rain or used water.But the main ones are from Marina,Punngol and Serangoon Reservoirs.From there,they use technology to treat the water and make it drinkable.Also,it is not very expensive.   

         

   

2)Imported Water(From Johor Baharu,Malaysia)

A second source of Singapore`s Water Supply is Imported Water from Malaysia.So far,Singapore and Malaysia has been under two agreements.One that has expired in August 2011 & the second one which will expire in the year 2061.The water sent to Singapore is untreated water or from rivers in Johor Baharu and Singapore is left to treat the water to make it drinkable.The advantage for Singapore is that it is not expensive when they buy the water from them and get large amounts of it.Furthermore,when they sell back the water to Johor Baharu,it is not as much as when they bought it from them and they charge higher prices to them.The only disadvantage is that after the expiry date,Malaysia may choose not to supply water to Singapore anymore,forcing them to find new local sources to support themselves. 

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3)NEWater                                                         The Process of NEWater

NEWater is Singapore`s main and Most Succesful local water source.NEWater is a high grade reclaimed water produced from treated used water that is further purrified using advanced technology making it ultra-clean and safe to drink.Its even safer then the normal water from our taps that we drink everyday!By 2060,after joining up the latest NEWater plant built in 2011, together with the other four existing plants,they planned to meet 50% of Singapore`s water supply. Even though is Singapore`s Most Succesful and Sustainable water source,Singaporeans are not used to the taste of it as many chemicals are added and it goes through many processes to be safe enough to drink.

4)Desalination

Another technolgy-based water source is desalinated water.Singapore has one of Asia`a Largest seawater reverse osmosis plant and produces millions of gallons of water a day and meets about 10% of Singapore`s water needs.The water treated are from the seas surrounding Singapore which is an unlimited supply.But the disadvantage is that it is high costing because due to its advanced technology which requires high energy consumption.By 2060,they intend to increase the desalination water source,so that iy would meet 30% of Singapore`s water demand in the long term.

The BEST Method to solve our Problem of our Severe Water Shortage.

The method which we have found to be Most Realiable and Most Suitable is NEWater.

The reason being is because the sources of NEWater is reclaimed water which is actually just wastewater,sewage water or unclean water from homes and that it is potentially unlimited and is a constant supply.The unclean water can be processed with the advanced technology because even though it is expensive,the water is 100% safe and drinkable.So,it is worth it as water is essential in our daily lives and any sum of money should be used to ensure a constant supply of water.But it will not be problem to the European country as they are rich.

Unlike Singapore,Europe isn`t particularly surrounded by sea water,thus Desalination is not the best way to solve the problem of water shortage.Furthermore,Desalination is much more expensive then NEWater due to its process of reverse osmosis and advanced technology used to operate this process,along with the high amount of consumed energy.

We also didn`t choose local catchment areas as the best method because even though Europe has alot and plenty of land area to build the local catchments,it does not rain as much in Europe as in Singapore.Singapore is in the Tropic Area,thus there is a constant supply of rainwater.The last reason why Imported Water was not chosen because Europe has no other country to buy Imported Water from.

                                NEWater!!!

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